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“We shall overcome
We shall overcome
We shall overcome some day

Oh, deep in my heart
I do believe
We shall overcome some day”

Today, we recognize “We Shall Overcome” as the anthem of the Civil Rights Movement. But this melody originated from a spiritual sung by enslaved people called, “No More Auction Block for Me.” “We Shall Overcome” grew out of slavery and was adopted in Black churches. Laborers sang the song in the early 20th century while striking for better working conditions. It then became popular with civil-rights marchers fighting for equality. Throughout its long history, “We Shall Overcome” has helped draw together people fighting for a better life.

“We Shall Overcome” reflects the courage and persistence of African Americans in confronting the effects of legalized slavery, discrimination, and racism in this country. Sometimes this prejudice and discrimination came from individuals. Other times, the prejudice was part of a larger, complex system.

Discover several Oakland residents who embody the legacy of Black struggle and achievement in Atlanta. These men and women founded schools, established places of worship, opened businesses, and created community groups. They confronted discrimination. They worked to overcome the challenges of individual and systemic racism. These men and women fought to make a better life for themselves and others, and they made Atlanta the culturally rich city it is today.

","flat_pages",[627,628,629],"id",2,"is_geo",true,"link_address","link_text","map_icon","map_overlay","map_type","satellite","media",[618],"meta_description","Discover several Oakland residents who embody the legacy of Black struggle and achievement in Atlanta. These men and women founded schools, established places of worship, opened businesses, and created community groups. They confronted discrimination. They worked to overcome the challenges of individual and systemic racism. These men and women fought to make a better life for themselves and others, and they made Atlanta the culturally rich city it is today.","mode",{"_35":262,"_74":615},"modes",[612,613,614],"open_geographies_endpoint","published","published_on","2026-09-10","read_duration","11 minutes reading","restrict_bounds","restrict_bounds_to_overlay","sanitized_description","“We shall overcomeWe shall overcomeWe shall overcome some dayOh, deep in my heartI do believeWe shall overcome some day” Today, we recognize “We Shall Overcome” as the anthem of the Civil Rights Movement. But this melody originated from a spiritual sung by enslaved people called, “No More Auction Block for Me.” “We Shall Overcome” grew out of slavery and was adopted in Black churches. Laborers sang the song in the early 20th century while striking for better working conditions. It then became popular with civil-rights marchers fighting for equality. Throughout its long history, “We Shall Overcome” has helped draw together people fighting for a better life. “We Shall Overcome” reflects the courage and persistence of African Americans in confronting the effects of legalized slavery, discrimination, and racism in this country. Sometimes this prejudice and discrimination came from individuals. Other times, the prejudice was part of a larger, complex system. Discover several Oakland residents who embody the legacy of Black struggle and achievement in Atlanta. These men and women founded schools, established places of worship, opened businesses, and created community groups. They confronted discrimination. They worked to overcome the challenges of individual and systemic racism. These men and women fought to make a better life for themselves and others, and they made Atlanta the culturally rich city it is today.","splash",{"_74":609,"_131":610,"_132":611},"slug","slugs",[16],"stop_count",12,"stops",[86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97],"tenant_title","Oakland Cemetery","title","We Shall Overcome: African American Stories at Oakland Cemetery","travel_duration","About 1 hour walking","theme",{"_35":84,"_74":85},"type","voice_overs",[],"use_directions",15,"ksu",{"_98":589,"_99":24,"_100":-5,"_102":263,"_103":104,"_105":-5,"_31":590,"_107":-5,"_108":591,"_110":111,"_35":263,"_112":592,"_114":593,"_41":-5,"_45":594,"_47":117,"_118":26,"_119":-5,"_120":-5,"_54":38,"_61":595,"_65":587,"_66":596,"_63":597,"_74":588,"_80":126,"_127":-5,"_128":-5,"_81":598},{"_98":566,"_99":36,"_100":567,"_102":262,"_103":104,"_105":-5,"_31":568,"_107":-5,"_108":569,"_110":111,"_35":262,"_112":570,"_114":571,"_41":-5,"_45":572,"_47":117,"_118":26,"_119":-5,"_120":-5,"_54":38,"_61":573,"_65":564,"_66":574,"_63":575,"_74":565,"_80":126,"_127":-5,"_128":-5,"_81":576},{"_98":532,"_99":263,"_100":533,"_102":271,"_103":104,"_105":-5,"_31":534,"_107":-5,"_108":535,"_110":111,"_35":271,"_112":536,"_114":537,"_41":-5,"_45":538,"_47":117,"_118":26,"_119":-5,"_120":-5,"_54":38,"_61":539,"_65":530,"_66":540,"_63":541,"_74":531,"_80":126,"_127":-5,"_128":-5,"_81":542},{"_98":495,"_99":262,"_100":496,"_102":377,"_103":104,"_105":-5,"_31":497,"_107":-5,"_108":498,"_110":111,"_35":377,"_112":499,"_114":500,"_41":-5,"_45":501,"_47":117,"_118":26,"_119":-5,"_120":-5,"_54":38,"_61":502,"_65":493,"_66":503,"_63":504,"_74":494,"_80":126,"_127":-5,"_128":-5,"_81":505},{"_98":433,"_99":271,"_100":434,"_102":270,"_103":104,"_105":-5,"_31":435,"_107":-5,"_108":436,"_110":111,"_35":270,"_112":437,"_114":438,"_41":-5,"_45":439,"_47":117,"_118":26,"_119":-5,"_120":-5,"_54":38,"_61":440,"_65":431,"_66":441,"_63":442,"_74":432,"_80":126,"_127":-5,"_128":-5,"_81":443},{"_98":376,"_99":377,"_100":378,"_102":373,"_103":104,"_105":-5,"_31":379,"_107":-5,"_108":380,"_110":111,"_35":373,"_112":381,"_114":382,"_41":-5,"_45":383,"_47":117,"_118":26,"_119":-5,"_120":-5,"_54":38,"_61":384,"_65":374,"_66":385,"_63":386,"_74":375,"_80":126,"_127":-5,"_128":-5,"_81":387},{"_98":339,"_99":270,"_100":340,"_102":244,"_103":104,"_105":-5,"_31":341,"_107":-5,"_108":342,"_110":111,"_35":244,"_112":343,"_114":344,"_41":-5,"_45":345,"_47":117,"_118":26,"_119":-5,"_120":-5,"_54":38,"_61":346,"_65":337,"_66":347,"_63":348,"_74":338,"_80":126,"_127":-5,"_128":-5,"_81":349},{"_98":300,"_99":301,"_100":302,"_102":139,"_103":104,"_105":-5,"_31":303,"_107":-5,"_108":304,"_110":111,"_35":139,"_112":305,"_114":306,"_41":-5,"_45":307,"_47":117,"_118":26,"_119":-5,"_120":-5,"_54":38,"_61":308,"_65":18,"_66":309,"_63":310,"_74":299,"_80":126,"_127":-5,"_128":-5,"_81":311},{"_98":243,"_99":244,"_100":245,"_102":168,"_103":104,"_105":-5,"_31":246,"_107":-5,"_108":247,"_110":111,"_35":168,"_112":248,"_114":249,"_41":-5,"_45":250,"_47":117,"_118":26,"_119":-5,"_120":-5,"_54":38,"_61":251,"_65":241,"_66":252,"_63":253,"_74":242,"_80":126,"_127":-5,"_128":-5,"_81":254},{"_98":217,"_99":168,"_100":218,"_102":69,"_103":104,"_105":-5,"_31":219,"_107":-5,"_108":220,"_110":111,"_35":69,"_112":221,"_114":222,"_41":-5,"_45":223,"_47":117,"_118":26,"_119":-5,"_120":-5,"_54":38,"_61":224,"_65":215,"_66":225,"_63":226,"_74":216,"_80":126,"_127":-5,"_128":-5,"_81":227},{"_98":178,"_99":139,"_100":179,"_102":171,"_103":104,"_105":-5,"_31":180,"_107":-5,"_108":181,"_110":111,"_35":171,"_112":182,"_114":183,"_41":-5,"_45":184,"_47":117,"_118":26,"_119":-5,"_120":-5,"_54":38,"_61":185,"_65":176,"_66":186,"_63":187,"_74":177,"_80":126,"_127":-5,"_128":-5,"_81":188},{"_98":-5,"_99":69,"_100":101,"_102":84,"_103":104,"_105":-5,"_31":106,"_107":-5,"_108":109,"_110":111,"_35":84,"_112":113,"_114":115,"_41":-5,"_45":116,"_47":117,"_118":26,"_119":-5,"_120":-5,"_54":38,"_61":121,"_65":122,"_66":123,"_63":124,"_74":125,"_80":126,"_127":-5,"_128":-5,"_81":129},"next","position","previous",{"_35":171,"_65":176,"_74":177},"relation_id","address","248 Oakland Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30312, USA","article_link","

The great-grandson of enslaved men and women, Maynard Jackson became a champion of social justice and equality for everyone. Although he was born in Texas in 1938, Jackson's Atlanta roots ran deep. His maternal grandfather was John Wesley Dobbs, a Black political and civic leader who worked to achieve racial equality in Atlanta in the early 20th century. Maynard H. Jackson Sr. and Irene Dobbs Jackson moved their family to Atlanta in 1945. They took jobs at Friendship Baptist Church and Spelman College respectively. Maynard Jackson attended Morehouse College and received his law degree from North Carolina Central University.

Jackson’s entry into politics was motivated by the 1968 assassination of the Civil Rights leader, Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., a close friend of his family. He was unsuccessful in a bid for the U.S. Senate in 1968 but became involved in Atlanta city politics in the years following. In 1973, he defeated the incumbent mayor, Sam Massell, to become the first Black mayor of a major southern city. Mayor Jackson's election occurred less than ten years after the Voting Rights Act of 1965 outlawed racial discrimination in voting.

Mayor Maynard Jackson went on to serve three terms: 1974-1982 and 1990-1994. During his terms, Mayor Jackson helped to bring the 1996 Olympic Games to Atlanta and was actively involved in the expansion of Atlanta’s airport, which was posthumously renamed Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. He also improved opportunities for minority-owned businesses to receive municipal contracts. Prior to Jackson’s first administration, fewer than half of 1 percent of municipal contracts went to minorities and women. It grew to 25 percent under Jackson’s leadership. Mayor Jackson also worked to renew public arts in the city and took out ads in urban newspapers across the U.S. urging African Americans to move back to the South because “black was bountiful” in Atlanta. He left office in 1994, after creating a legacy that reinforced Atlanta as the leading city of the South.

Maynard Jackson died of a heart attack in 2003 and his grave is located in Oakland’s North Public Grounds, angled towards the Atlanta skyline. Jackson's monument weighs fourteen tons and reaches nearly fifteen feet in height. His heritage is reflected in the African-sourced black granite pillar and a platform of grey Georgia granite. Four hand-carved solid bronze discs represent four important aspects of Jackson’s legacy: his mayor career, his commitment to social and economic justice, his role in bringing the 1996 Olympics to Atlanta, and his contributions to the airport.

Learn more about Maynard Jackson's monument and his efforts to bring the 1996 Olympics to Atlanta.

","direction_intro","direction_notes","Mayor Maynard Jackson is buried in the North Public Grounds. Travel west from the African American Burial Grounds. ","icon_color","#D32F2F","lat",33.74799351,"lng",-84.37456088,[137,138],"","orphaned","parking_lat","parking_lng","The great-grandson of enslaved men and women, Maynard Jackson became a champion of social justice and equality for everyone. Although he was born in Texas in 1938, Jackson's Atlanta roots ran deep. His maternal grandfather was John Wesley Dobbs, a Black political and civic leader who worked to achieve racial equality in Atlanta in the early 20th century. Maynard H. Jackson Sr. and Irene Dobbs Jackson moved their family to Atlanta in 1945. They took jobs at Friendship Baptist Church and Spelman College respectively. Maynard Jackson attended Morehouse College and received his law degree from North Carolina Central University. Jackson’s entry into politics was motivated by the 1968 assassination of the Civil Rights leader, Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., a close friend of his family. He was unsuccessful in a bid for the U. S. Senate in 1968 but became involved in Atlanta city politics in the years following. In 1973, he defeated the incumbent mayor, Sam Massell, to become the first Black mayor of a major southern city. Mayor Jackson's election occurred less than ten years after the Voting Rights Act of 1965 outlawed racial discrimination in voting. Mayor Maynard Jackson went on to serve three terms: 1974-1982 and 1990-1994. During his terms, Mayor Jackson helped to bring the 1996 Olympic Games to Atlanta and was actively involved in the expansion of Atlanta’s airport, which was posthumously renamed Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. He also improved opportunities for minority-owned businesses to receive municipal contracts. Prior to Jackson’s first administration, fewer than half of 1 percent of municipal contracts went to minorities and women. It grew to 25 percent under Jackson’s leadership. Mayor Jackson also worked to renew public arts in the city and took out ads in urban newspapers across the U. S. urging African Americans to move back to the South because “black was bountiful” in Atlanta. He left office in 1994, after creating a legacy that reinforced Atlanta as the leading city of the South. Maynard Jackson died of a heart attack in 2003 and his grave is located in Oakland’s North Public Grounds, angled towards the Atlanta skyline. Jackson's monument weighs fourteen tons and reaches nearly fifteen feet in height. His heritage is reflected in the African-sourced black granite pillar and a platform of grey Georgia granite. Four hand-carved solid bronze discs represent four important aspects of Jackson’s legacy: his mayor career, his commitment to social and economic justice, his role in bringing the 1996 Olympics to Atlanta, and his contributions to the airport. Learn more about Maynard Jackson's monument and his efforts to bring the 1996 Olympics to Atlanta. 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But her father, Dr. Homer Nash, didn’t think that she had the physical stamina to get through medical school. Helen Nash was only 5’1” and weighed just 92 pounds. However, her grandfather, wealthy real estate broker Antoine Graves, told the family to “sell a house and send her” to Meharry Medical School. Helen graduated with honors and completed her medical residency at Homer G. Phillips Hospital, a segregated hospital in St. Louis where she later accepted a staff position.

Dr. Nash helped reduce the premature infant death rate at Homer G. Phillips through improvements in hygiene and equipment. She started her private practice in 1949 so that instead of having to wait for “Black days” – special days when White doctors would see Black patients – sick Black children could receive care from Nash at any time.

In 1949, Dr. Nash became the first African-American woman to join the attending staff at St. Louis Children's Hospital. She was the first Black woman to become president of the medical staff in 1977. She later joined the Washington University School of Medicine, the only woman among the first four African-American physicians hired. Since 1996, the Washington University School of Medicine has bestowed the Dr. Helen E. Nash Academic Achievement Award to a student who has exhibited to an unusual degree the qualities of industry, perseverance, determination, and enthusiasm.

Photo: Courtesy of Bernard Becker Medical Library, Washington University School of Medicine. ","Dr. Nash rests just outside of the Graves Mausoleum's western wall. ",33.74813989,-84.37031427,[192,193],"After Helen Elizabeth Nash graduated from Spelman College, she told her family that she wanted to become a doctor. But her father, Dr. Homer Nash, didn’t think that she had the physical stamina to get through medical school. Helen Nash was only 5’1” and weighed just 92 pounds. However, her grandfather, wealthy real estate broker Antoine Graves, told the family to “sell a house and send her” to Meharry Medical School. Helen graduated with honors and completed her medical residency at Homer G. Phillips Hospital, a segregated hospital in St. Louis where she later accepted a staff position. Dr. Nash helped reduce the premature infant death rate at Homer G. Phillips through improvements in hygiene and equipment. She started her private practice in 1949 so that instead of having to wait for “Black days” – special days when White doctors would see Black patients – sick Black children could receive care from Nash at any time. In 1949, Dr. Nash became the first African-American woman to join the attending staff at St. Louis Children's Hospital. She was the first Black woman to become president of the medical staff in 1977. She later joined the Washington University School of Medicine, the only woman among the first four African-American physicians hired. Since 1996, the Washington University School of Medicine has bestowed the Dr. Helen E. Nash Academic Achievement Award to a student who has exhibited to an unusual degree the qualities of industry, perseverance, determination, and enthusiasm. Photo: Courtesy of Bernard Becker Medical Library, Washington University School of Medicine. ",[134,191,176],{"_74":189,"_131":-5,"_132":190},[],"Dr. Nash's marker next to the Graves Mausoleum","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/xbvpqvm7s03vql3cdh77y9ofjkuf?variant=desktop","dr-helen-elizabeth-nash-edit",{"_102":207,"_99":24,"_131":-5,"_140":141,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":208,"_146":209,"_35":210,"_148":-5,"_149":150,"_151":208,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_74":189,"_157":-5},{"_102":194,"_99":36,"_131":-5,"_140":195,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":196,"_146":197,"_35":198,"_148":-5,"_149":199,"_151":196,"_152":153,"_154":200,"_74":201,"_157":-5},23,1125,"16152260483.jpeg",{"_158":202,"_160":203,"_162":204,"_164":205,"_166":206},27,225,562,"Dr. Helen Elizabeth Nash at work","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/q7ibacz809ns3qcp4ki7aj5g9ghp","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/q7ibacz809ns3qcp4ki7aj5g9ghp?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/q7ibacz809ns3qcp4ki7aj5g9ghp?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/q7ibacz809ns3qcp4ki7aj5g9ghp?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/q7ibacz809ns3qcp4ki7aj5g9ghp?variant=lqip",22,"16152259415.jpeg",{"_158":211,"_160":212,"_162":213,"_164":190,"_166":214},26,"https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/xbvpqvm7s03vql3cdh77y9ofjkuf","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/xbvpqvm7s03vql3cdh77y9ofjkuf?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/xbvpqvm7s03vql3cdh77y9ofjkuf?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/xbvpqvm7s03vql3cdh77y9ofjkuf?variant=lqip","jessie-murphy-wartman","Jessie Murphy Wartman ",{"_35":171,"_65":176,"_74":177},{"_35":168,"_65":241,"_74":242},"From Atlanta’s earliest days into the modern era, the city has long been a magnet for the musically-inclined. Jessie Murphy Wartman is one of Atlanta's music makers. She earned a master’s degree in music from Atlanta University and studied at Oberlin Conservatory of Music in Ohio. She established the School of Musical Arts on Auburn Avenue and trained many of the city’s Black musicians, music teachers, and band directors. In 1921, she started and directed the Atlanta City Orchestra. The orchestra had a vocalist, and they played light classical, spirituals, and popular music for local events. The orchestra's musical programs were broadcast live on Atlanta radio stations.

Jessie Murphy Wartman served as an organist and choir director for Big Bethel AME church. In 1927, she was appointed supervisor of music for Atlanta’s African American elementary schools and later also supervised junior and senior high students. She introduced the first elementary school bands. In 1933, she established the annual Atlanta Schools Music Festival, which featured a city-wide chorus of 1000 students. The festival remained an annual event for 25 years. She spent a total of 34 years with the Atlanta public schools and retired in 1961. ","Jessie Murphy Wartman is buried along the main road. ",33.74805099,-84.37075415,[232],"From Atlanta’s earliest days into the modern era, the city has long been a magnet for the musically-inclined. Jessie Murphy Wartman is one of Atlanta's music makers. She earned a master’s degree in music from Atlanta University and studied at Oberlin Conservatory of Music in Ohio. She established the School of Musical Arts on Auburn Avenue and trained many of the city’s Black musicians, music teachers, and band directors. In 1921, she started and directed the Atlanta City Orchestra. The orchestra had a vocalist, and they played light classical, spirituals, and popular music for local events. The orchestra's musical programs were broadcast live on Atlanta radio stations. Jessie Murphy Wartman served as an organist and choir director for Big Bethel AME church. In 1927, she was appointed supervisor of music for Atlanta’s African American elementary schools and later also supervised junior and senior high students. She introduced the first elementary school bands. In 1933, she established the annual Atlanta Schools Music Festival, which featured a city-wide chorus of 1000 students. The festival remained an annual event for 25 years. She spent a total of 34 years with the Atlanta public schools and retired in 1961. ",[134,230,231,215],{"_74":228,"_131":-5,"_132":229},[],"Jessie Murphy Wartman and Maynard Wartman markers","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/glljqcugg3ul7lnpvreqzzbyx6xj?variant=desktop","jessie-murphy-wartman-edit","jessie-murphy-wartman-text",{"_102":233,"_99":24,"_131":-5,"_140":141,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":234,"_146":235,"_35":236,"_148":-5,"_149":150,"_151":234,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_74":228,"_157":-5},17,"16152240858.jpeg",{"_158":237,"_160":238,"_162":239,"_164":229,"_166":240},21,"https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/glljqcugg3ul7lnpvreqzzbyx6xj","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/glljqcugg3ul7lnpvreqzzbyx6xj?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/glljqcugg3ul7lnpvreqzzbyx6xj?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/glljqcugg3ul7lnpvreqzzbyx6xj?variant=lqip","marie-woolfolk-taylor","Marie Woolfolk Taylor ",{"_35":69,"_65":215,"_74":216},9,{"_35":139,"_65":18,"_74":299},"Marie Woolfolk Taylor believed in empowering Black girls and women. Taylor was one of nine founders of Alpha Kappa Alpha (AKA), the oldest Greek-letter organization established by and for African American college women. An Atlanta native, Taylor graduated magna cum laude from Howard University in 1908 after co-founding Alpha Kappa Alpha. She then attended the Schauffler Training School for Social Services in Cleveland, Ohio, where she was the only African American student. At Schauffler, she majored in religion before returning to Atlanta to accept a position as a community assistant at First Congregational Church.

Through various efforts, Marie Woolfolk Taylor focused on providing services to women and girls in the community. The Great Fire of 1917 destroyed a large portion of the city and its residences. Marie Woolfolk Taylor was one of two African Americans designated to assist the Red Cross in the disaster. In 1919, she married Alfred G. Taylor, an Atlanta physician, and they had one daughter, Alfred Marie. In 1923, Taylor helped to organize the Kappa Omega chapter of AKA in Atlanta and became its first leader, or \"Basileus.\" Her civic activities included serving on the board of directors of the Carrie Steele-Pitts Home and membership in the Atlanta chapter of the NAACP.

Photo: Courtesy of Alpha Kappa Alpha, Inc.

Video: 2019 Capturing the Spirit of Oakland Halloween Tour. LaDoris Bias-Davis performing as Marie Woolfolk Taylor. Link","Marie Woolfolk Taylor rests just east of the large Magnolia tree.",33.74836271,-84.37097141,[259,260,261],"Marie Woolfolk Taylor believed in empowering Black girls and women. Taylor was one of nine founders of Alpha Kappa Alpha (AKA), the oldest Greek-letter organization established by and for African American college women. An Atlanta native, Taylor graduated magna cum laude from Howard University in 1908 after co-founding Alpha Kappa Alpha. She then attended the Schauffler Training School for Social Services in Cleveland, Ohio, where she was the only African American student. At Schauffler, she majored in religion before returning to Atlanta to accept a position as a community assistant at First Congregational Church. Through various efforts, Marie Woolfolk Taylor focused on providing services to women and girls in the community. The Great Fire of 1917 destroyed a large portion of the city and its residences. Marie Woolfolk Taylor was one of two African Americans designated to assist the Red Cross in the disaster. In 1919, she married Alfred G. Taylor, an Atlanta physician, and they had one daughter, Alfred Marie. In 1923, Taylor helped to organize the Kappa Omega chapter of AKA in Atlanta and became its first leader, or \"Basileus.\" Her civic activities included serving on the board of directors of the Carrie Steele-Pitts Home and membership in the Atlanta chapter of the NAACP. Photo: Courtesy of Alpha Kappa Alpha, Inc. Video: 2019 Capturing the Spirit of Oakland Halloween Tour. LaDoris Bias-Davis performing as Marie Woolfolk Taylor. Link",[134,241,257,258],{"_74":255,"_131":-5,"_132":256},[],"The Taylor family lot ","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/68aocu1jryadq41w3l06yh6oj1jl?variant=desktop","marie-woolfolk-taylor-edit","marie-woolfolk-taylor-text",{"_102":283,"_99":24,"_131":-5,"_140":141,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":292,"_146":293,"_35":294,"_148":-5,"_149":150,"_151":292,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_74":255,"_157":-5},{"_102":236,"_99":36,"_131":-5,"_140":280,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":281,"_146":282,"_35":283,"_148":-5,"_149":284,"_151":281,"_152":153,"_154":285,"_74":286,"_157":-5},{"_102":262,"_99":263,"_131":264,"_140":265,"_142":266,"_143":267,"_144":268,"_146":269,"_35":270,"_148":271,"_149":150,"_151":268,"_152":272,"_154":273,"_74":274,"_157":267},4,3,"1893–1960\nOakland Cemetery\nBlock 52, Lot 4\n\nThe daughter of two Atlanta University professors, Marie Antoinette Woolfolk Taylor was a life-long champion for education and the rights of Black women. She illustrated this commitment by co-founding Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Incorporated, the first sorority established by and for African American women. Taylor attended Atlanta University and later Howard University, where she developed close friendships that led to the founding of Alpha Kappa Alpha. She served as the first secretary of the sorority. Following her graduation magna cum laude in 1908, Taylor studied at the Schauffler Training School for Social Services in Cleveland, Ohio, where she was the only African American student. She returned to Atlanta to accept a position as a social worker and teach night school. Marie Woolfolk Taylor served as a member of many civic organizations, including the NAACP, the Community Planning Council, Community Chests (now United Way), and the Carrie Steele-Pitts Foster Home.",480,"//www.youtube.com/embed/ueQdClhOhr4","ueQdClhOhr4","ueQdClhOhr4.jpg",{"_158":275,"_160":276,"_162":277,"_164":278,"_166":279},7,5,"youtube",400,"Capturing the Spirit of Oakland 2019 - Marie Woolfolk Taylor","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/j9dw37swovbxdn6z0f1re7thiyfx","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/j9dw37swovbxdn6z0f1re7thiyfx?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/j9dw37swovbxdn6z0f1re7thiyfx?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/j9dw37swovbxdn6z0f1re7thiyfx?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/j9dw37swovbxdn6z0f1re7thiyfx?variant=lqip",1000,"16152251533.jpeg",{"_158":287,"_160":288,"_162":289,"_164":290,"_166":291},25,200,500,"Marie Woolfolk Taylor","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/6g0l8se1g80czkg1xumnps2cdc85","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/6g0l8se1g80czkg1xumnps2cdc85?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/6g0l8se1g80czkg1xumnps2cdc85?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/6g0l8se1g80czkg1xumnps2cdc85?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/6g0l8se1g80czkg1xumnps2cdc85?variant=lqip","16152343404.jpeg",{"_158":295,"_160":296,"_162":297,"_164":256,"_166":298},29,"https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/68aocu1jryadq41w3l06yh6oj1jl","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/68aocu1jryadq41w3l06yh6oj1jl?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/68aocu1jryadq41w3l06yh6oj1jl?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/68aocu1jryadq41w3l06yh6oj1jl?variant=lqip","Peyton Allen",{"_35":168,"_65":241,"_74":242},8,{"_35":244,"_65":337,"_74":338},"A graduate of Atlanta University, Peyton Allen\nrose to prominence as a talented lawyer and civil rights activist. In 1900,\nAtlanta's Black community challenged the city council and their decision to\nsegregate public streetcars. Allen and other Black Atlantans purchased bicycles\nrather than ride in segregated cars. The boycott continued for 11 months.\nAlthough ultimately unsuccessful, the bicycle boycott inspired similar protests\nduring the Civil Rights Movement. In 1917, Allen co-founded the Atlanta chapter\nof the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

Photo: Courtesy of the Herndon Foundation.","Peyton Allen is buried northeast from the Butler lot. ",33.74815922,-84.3709057,[316,317],"A graduate of Atlanta University, Peyton Allen\nrose to prominence as a talented lawyer and civil rights activist. In 1900,\nAtlanta's Black community challenged the city council and their decision to\nsegregate public streetcars. Allen and other Black Atlantans purchased bicycles\nrather than ride in segregated cars. The boycott continued for 11 months.\nAlthough ultimately unsuccessful, the bicycle boycott inspired similar protests\nduring the Civil Rights Movement. In 1917, Allen co-founded the Atlanta chapter\nof the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).Photo: Courtesy of the Herndon Foundation.",[134,314,315,18],{"_74":312,"_131":-5,"_132":313},[],"The Allen family lot ","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/u4pc4h4ifb6rxt3mg7mv9lxlmgyi?variant=desktop","peyton-allen-edit","peyton-allen-photo",{"_102":330,"_99":24,"_131":-5,"_140":141,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":331,"_146":332,"_35":194,"_148":-5,"_149":150,"_151":331,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_74":312,"_157":-5},{"_102":318,"_99":36,"_131":-5,"_140":319,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":320,"_146":321,"_35":322,"_148":-5,"_149":323,"_151":320,"_152":153,"_154":324,"_74":299,"_157":-5},20,1092,"16152250155.png",{"_158":325,"_160":326,"_162":327,"_164":328,"_166":329},24,218,546,"https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/lezracred8m7vqjzl7glwvw2iqv4","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/lezracred8m7vqjzl7glwvw2iqv4?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/lezracred8m7vqjzl7glwvw2iqv4?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/lezracred8m7vqjzl7glwvw2iqv4?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/lezracred8m7vqjzl7glwvw2iqv4?variant=lqip",19,"16152249641.jpeg",{"_158":333,"_160":334,"_162":335,"_164":313,"_166":336},"https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/u4pc4h4ifb6rxt3mg7mv9lxlmgyi","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/u4pc4h4ifb6rxt3mg7mv9lxlmgyi?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/u4pc4h4ifb6rxt3mg7mv9lxlmgyi?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/u4pc4h4ifb6rxt3mg7mv9lxlmgyi?variant=lqip","dr-henry-rutherford-butler-and-selena-sloan-butler","Dr. Henry Rutherford Butler and Selena Sloan Butler",{"_35":139,"_65":18,"_74":299},{"_35":373,"_65":374,"_74":375},"Dr. Henry Rutherford Butler and Selena Sloan Butler were a power couple in Atlanta in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Dr. Butler and Dr. Thomas Slater, an Oakland neighbor, were partners in the first Black-owned drugstore in Atlanta. Along with other physicians and healthcare practitioners, Dr. Butler co-founded a group that later became the National Medical Association. The NMA continues to represent members of the African American medical community today.

Selena Sloan Butler graduated from Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary, now Spelman College, and worked as a teacher. She started looking around at preschools for her son, Henry Butler Jr., but she couldn’t find a preschool in any Black neighborhood in Atlanta. So, Selena Sloan Butler started a preschool in her own home. She later organized the first African American parent-teacher association in the nation at her son’s elementary school (Yonge Street Elementary) in 1911. In 1919, she established a statewide African American PTA and in 1926, the National Congress of Colored Parents and Teachers (NCCPT). The NCCPT and the National Parent Teacher Association did not become one until 1970. Selena Sloan Butler was later named a co-founder of the National PTA.

Selena Sloan Butler was a member of the Chautauqua Circle, the Atlanta Women’s Club, and the Order of the Eastern Star. She was appointed by President Herbert Hoover in 1934 as a member of the White House Conference of Child Health and Protection. In 1995, she was designated a Georgia Woman of Achievement.

Learn more about Dr. Henry Rutherford Butler and the Prince Hall Masons here.

Butler family photo: Courtesy of the Atlanta History Center. Photographer unknown, undated, Long-Rucker-Aiken family photographs.","The Butler lot is located along the main road. ",33.74805441,-84.37087418,[354,355],"Dr. Henry Rutherford Butler and Selena Sloan Butler were a power couple in Atlanta in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Dr. Butler and Dr. Thomas Slater, an Oakland neighbor, were partners in the first Black-owned drugstore in Atlanta. Along with other physicians and healthcare practitioners, Dr. Butler co-founded a group that later became the National Medical Association. The NMA continues to represent members of the African American medical community today. Selena Sloan Butler graduated from Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary, now Spelman College, and worked as a teacher. She started looking around at preschools for her son, Henry Butler Jr., but she couldn’t find a preschool in any Black neighborhood in Atlanta. So, Selena Sloan Butler started a preschool in her own home. She later organized the first African American parent-teacher association in the nation at her son’s elementary school (Yonge Street Elementary) in 1911. In 1919, she established a statewide African American PTA and in 1926, the National Congress of Colored Parents and Teachers (NCCPT). The NCCPT and the National Parent Teacher Association did not become one until 1970. Selena Sloan Butler was later named a co-founder of the National PTA. Selena Sloan Butler was a member of the Chautauqua Circle, the Atlanta Women’s Club, and the Order of the Eastern Star. She was appointed by President Herbert Hoover in 1934 as a member of the White House Conference of Child Health and Protection. In 1995, she was designated a Georgia Woman of Achievement. Learn more about Dr. Henry Rutherford Butler and the Prince Hall Masons here. Butler family photo: Courtesy of the Atlanta History Center. Photographer unknown, undated, Long-Rucker-Aiken family photographs.",[134,352,353,337],{"_74":350,"_131":-5,"_132":351},[],"The markers of Dr. Henry Rutherford Butler and Selena Sloan Butler","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/1b7kpx30op98h251yie8zpf8yy0i?variant=desktop","dr-henry-rutherford-butler-and-selena-sloan-butler-edit","dr-henry-rutherford-butler-and-selena-sloan-butler-text",{"_102":365,"_99":24,"_131":-5,"_140":141,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":366,"_146":367,"_35":368,"_148":-5,"_149":150,"_151":366,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_74":350,"_157":-5},{"_102":356,"_99":36,"_131":-5,"_140":141,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":357,"_146":358,"_35":207,"_148":-5,"_149":150,"_151":357,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_74":359,"_157":-5},18,"16152244070.jpeg",{"_158":360,"_160":361,"_162":362,"_164":363,"_166":364},"Selena Sloan Butler, Henry Butler Jr., and Dr. Henry R. Butler","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/wa8zz3g3w7xrywm86xmbd3eo6eep","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/wa8zz3g3w7xrywm86xmbd3eo6eep?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/wa8zz3g3w7xrywm86xmbd3eo6eep?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/wa8zz3g3w7xrywm86xmbd3eo6eep?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/wa8zz3g3w7xrywm86xmbd3eo6eep?variant=lqip",28,"16152368460.jpeg",{"_158":369,"_160":370,"_162":371,"_164":351,"_166":372},32,"https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/1b7kpx30op98h251yie8zpf8yy0i","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/1b7kpx30op98h251yie8zpf8yy0i?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/1b7kpx30op98h251yie8zpf8yy0i?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/1b7kpx30op98h251yie8zpf8yy0i?variant=lqip",13,"thomas-askew","Thomas Askew",{"_35":244,"_65":337,"_74":338},6,{"_35":270,"_65":431,"_74":432},"Born into slavery in 1847 or 1848, Thomas Askew began taking photographs of Black life in Atlanta as early as 1870. He took photos of African Americans in their private homes, churches, schools, and businesses. His subjects included college students, baseball players, churchgoers, and members of his own family. Thomas Askew and his wife Mary had nine children: Minnie, Nellie, Jeanette, Robert, Arthur, Walter, Everett, and twins Clarence and Norman. These images documented the struggle and achievement of Black Atlantans, primarily the growing middle class, in the decades following Emancipation.

Scholar and activist W. E. Du Bois curated an exhibit at the 1900 Paris Exposition featuring Askew’s portraits and photographs. Askew died on July 12, 1914. His Summit Street studio and photography equipment were destroyed in the Great Fire of 1917. The tragic fire destroyed 300 acres and the homes of over 10,000 people, forever changing Atlanta's Old Fourth Ward.

Photos by Thomas Askew. Courtesy of the Library of Congress. ","Thomas Askew rests on the north side of the African American Burial Grounds (NE of the Tate lot).",33.74878232,-84.3704001,[391,392,393,394],"Born into slavery in 1847 or 1848, Thomas Askew began taking photographs of Black life in Atlanta as early as 1870. He took photos of African Americans in their private homes, churches, schools, and businesses. His subjects included college students, baseball players, churchgoers, and members of his own family. Thomas Askew and his wife Mary had nine children: Minnie, Nellie, Jeanette, Robert, Arthur, Walter, Everett, and twins Clarence and Norman. These images documented the struggle and achievement of Black Atlantans, primarily the growing middle class, in the decades following Emancipation. Scholar and activist W. E. Du Bois curated an exhibit at the 1900 Paris Exposition featuring Askew’s portraits and photographs. Askew died on July 12, 1914. His Summit Street studio and photography equipment were destroyed in the Great Fire of 1917. The tragic fire destroyed 300 acres and the homes of over 10,000 people, forever changing Atlanta's Old Fourth Ward. Photos by Thomas Askew. Courtesy of the Library of Congress. ",[134,390,374],{"_74":388,"_131":-5,"_132":389},[],"Thomas Askew marker","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/yp5s2x655kf6a8tpfokn661dfyh5?variant=desktop","thomas-askew-edit",{"_102":69,"_99":24,"_131":-5,"_140":141,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":425,"_146":426,"_35":395,"_148":-5,"_149":150,"_151":425,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_74":388,"_157":-5},{"_102":373,"_99":36,"_131":-5,"_140":415,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":416,"_146":417,"_35":233,"_148":-5,"_149":407,"_151":416,"_152":153,"_154":418,"_74":419,"_157":-5},{"_102":171,"_99":263,"_131":-5,"_140":404,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":405,"_146":406,"_35":356,"_148":-5,"_149":407,"_151":405,"_152":153,"_154":408,"_74":409,"_157":-5},{"_102":395,"_99":262,"_131":-5,"_140":141,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":396,"_146":397,"_35":318,"_148":-5,"_149":150,"_151":396,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_74":398,"_157":-5},16,"16152237999.jpeg",{"_158":399,"_160":400,"_162":401,"_164":402,"_166":403},"Askew, Summit Avenue Ensemble, 1899","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/4wk13jyc2q9y6xl573ac4muaj14p","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/4wk13jyc2q9y6xl573ac4muaj14p?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/4wk13jyc2q9y6xl573ac4muaj14p?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/4wk13jyc2q9y6xl573ac4muaj14p?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/4wk13jyc2q9y6xl573ac4muaj14p?variant=lqip",1205,"16152236273.jpeg",{"_158":410,"_160":411,"_162":412,"_164":413,"_166":414},241,602,"Askew, Nursing Student, 1899","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/p6rv8wzbimal8bog73wjlbr2ov01","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/p6rv8wzbimal8bog73wjlbr2ov01?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/p6rv8wzbimal8bog73wjlbr2ov01?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/p6rv8wzbimal8bog73wjlbr2ov01?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/p6rv8wzbimal8bog73wjlbr2ov01?variant=lqip",1207,"16152235640.jpeg",{"_158":420,"_160":421,"_162":422,"_164":423,"_166":424},604,"Askew, Self Portrait, 1899","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/1sj8ndmqao2tgfsnes89j8uz6l8i","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/1sj8ndmqao2tgfsnes89j8uz6l8i?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/1sj8ndmqao2tgfsnes89j8uz6l8i?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/1sj8ndmqao2tgfsnes89j8uz6l8i?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/1sj8ndmqao2tgfsnes89j8uz6l8i?variant=lqip","16152234479.jpeg",{"_158":427,"_160":428,"_162":429,"_164":389,"_166":430},"https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/yp5s2x655kf6a8tpfokn661dfyh5","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/yp5s2x655kf6a8tpfokn661dfyh5?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/yp5s2x655kf6a8tpfokn661dfyh5?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/yp5s2x655kf6a8tpfokn661dfyh5?variant=lqip","bishop-wesley-john-gaines","Bishop Wesley John Gaines",{"_35":373,"_65":374,"_74":375},{"_35":377,"_65":493,"_74":494},"Bishop Wesley John Gaines (1840-1912) had a hand in the development of two prominent Black cultural sites in Atlanta. Born enslaved, Wesley John Gaines learned to read as a child. He mastered the alphabet in a week and learned to read while sick in bed by studying the Bible. He had to hide his ability and his books from his enslavers. An 1829 Georgia law prohibited the teaching of reading and writing to all African Americans, whether enslaved or free, but Gaines did it anyway. This commitment to education was a core part of his character.

After Emancipation, Gaines became ordained as a minister in the African Methodist Episcopal Church. He joined Big Bethel AME Church, a congregation that dated back to 1847. Churches were often the centers of black communities in Atlanta. Wheat Street Baptist, First Congregational, Ebenezer Baptist Church, and Big Bethel A.M.E. served as places of worship but were also schools and social centers. Big Bethel served as an employment bureau for female domestic laborers after the Civil War. In 1879, the first public school for blacks in Atlanta, Gate City Colored School, was founded in the basement of the church, though it would later move to Houston Street. Later, Big Bethel was known as “Sweet Auburn’s City Hall.”

Bishop Gaines helped establish Morris Brown College in 1881. Classes were held in the basement of Big Bethel. Many Atlanta HBCUs have their origins in the church. Morehouse was sponsored by the American Baptist Home Mission Society and Spelman grew out of Friendship Baptist Church.

Morris Brown College and Big Bethel AME, along with other churches and HBCUs, led to the development of a Black middle class and upper class in Atlanta. HBCU-educated entrepreneurs, doctors, clergymen, and professionals stayed in Atlanta and built out businesses, social organizations, and churches.

Learn more about Big Bethel AME Church and watch a performance of their legendary choir here.

Photos: Courtesy of the Library of Congress. ","Bishop Wesley John Gaines is buried west of the Graves Mausoleum.",33.74818747,-84.37034646,[448,449,450,451],"Bishop Wesley John Gaines (1840-1912) had a hand in the development of two prominent Black cultural sites in Atlanta. Born enslaved, Wesley John Gaines learned to read as a child. He mastered the alphabet in a week and learned to read while sick in bed by studying the Bible. He had to hide his ability and his books from his enslavers. An 1829 Georgia law prohibited the teaching of reading and writing to all African Americans, whether enslaved or free, but Gaines did it anyway. This commitment to education was a core part of his character. After Emancipation, Gaines became ordained as a minister in the African Methodist Episcopal Church. He joined Big Bethel AME Church, a congregation that dated back to 1847. Churches were often the centers of black communities in Atlanta. Wheat Street Baptist, First Congregational, Ebenezer Baptist Church, and Big Bethel A. M.E. served as places of worship but were also schools and social centers. Big Bethel served as an employment bureau for female domestic laborers after the Civil War. In 1879, the first public school for blacks in Atlanta, Gate City Colored School, was founded in the basement of the church, though it would later move to Houston Street. Later, Big Bethel was known as “Sweet Auburn’s City Hall.”Bishop Gaines helped establish Morris Brown College in 1881. Classes were held in the basement of Big Bethel. Many Atlanta HBCUs have their origins in the church. Morehouse was sponsored by the American Baptist Home Mission Society and Spelman grew out of Friendship Baptist Church. Morris Brown College and Big Bethel AME, along with other churches and HBCUs, led to the development of a Black middle class and upper class in Atlanta. HBCU-educated entrepreneurs, doctors, clergymen, and professionals stayed in Atlanta and built out businesses, social organizations, and churches. Learn more about Big Bethel AME Church and watch a performance of their legendary choir here. Photos: Courtesy of the Library of Congress. ",[134,446,447,431],{"_74":444,"_131":-5,"_132":445},[],"Bishop Wesley John Gaines' marker","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/cfiyody7nll0b3fs3o4ux1tz1b1c?variant=desktop","reverend-frank-quarles-edit","bishop-wesley-john-gaines-edit",{"_102":198,"_99":24,"_131":-5,"_140":141,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":487,"_146":488,"_35":461,"_148":-5,"_149":150,"_151":487,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_74":444,"_157":-5},{"_102":474,"_99":36,"_131":-5,"_140":475,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":476,"_146":477,"_35":478,"_148":-5,"_149":479,"_151":476,"_152":153,"_154":480,"_74":481,"_157":-5},{"_102":461,"_99":263,"_131":-5,"_140":462,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":463,"_146":464,"_35":465,"_148":-5,"_149":466,"_151":463,"_152":153,"_154":467,"_74":468,"_157":-5},{"_102":368,"_99":262,"_131":-5,"_140":141,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":452,"_146":453,"_35":454,"_148":-5,"_149":150,"_151":452,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_74":455,"_157":-5},"16152477952.jpeg",{"_158":456,"_160":457,"_162":458,"_164":459,"_166":460},36,"Stone Hall at Morris Brown.jpg","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/ih5gudhr2xb3rx3xyiqgujaf2qll","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/ih5gudhr2xb3rx3xyiqgujaf2qll?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/ih5gudhr2xb3rx3xyiqgujaf2qll?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/ih5gudhr2xb3rx3xyiqgujaf2qll?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/ih5gudhr2xb3rx3xyiqgujaf2qll?variant=lqip",31,1192,"16152477589.jpeg",{"_158":469,"_160":470,"_162":471,"_164":472,"_166":473},35,238,596,"Big Bethel AME Church","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/4khuh2r2u1pl1j1kbhu7jxvw5y6r","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/4khuh2r2u1pl1j1kbhu7jxvw5y6r?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/4khuh2r2u1pl1j1kbhu7jxvw5y6r?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/4khuh2r2u1pl1j1kbhu7jxvw5y6r?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/4khuh2r2u1pl1j1kbhu7jxvw5y6r?variant=lqip",30,1087,"16152477190.jpeg",{"_158":482,"_160":483,"_162":484,"_164":485,"_166":486},34,217,543,"Bishop Gaines and Julia Gaines portrait","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/i73ywodfch5tw7msaykmmden8n9g","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/i73ywodfch5tw7msaykmmden8n9g?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/i73ywodfch5tw7msaykmmden8n9g?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/i73ywodfch5tw7msaykmmden8n9g?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/i73ywodfch5tw7msaykmmden8n9g?variant=lqip","16152349097.jpeg",{"_158":489,"_160":490,"_162":491,"_164":445,"_166":492},"https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/cfiyody7nll0b3fs3o4ux1tz1b1c","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/cfiyody7nll0b3fs3o4ux1tz1b1c?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/cfiyody7nll0b3fs3o4ux1tz1b1c?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/cfiyody7nll0b3fs3o4ux1tz1b1c?variant=lqip","william-finch","William Finch",{"_35":270,"_65":431,"_74":432},{"_35":271,"_65":530,"_74":531},"

Born into slavery in 1832, William Finch\ntrained to be a tailor. But with the outbreak of the Civil War, Finch was sent\nto accompany one of his enslaver's sons who joined the Confederate army. When a\nson in a slaveholding family enlisted, he might take along a person enslaved to\nthe family to work as a personal servant and perform non-combat duties such as\ncarrying and loading supplies. An act of gratitude at the war's end\ndemonstrated Finch’s loyalties. Using his tailor skills, he sewed a United\nStates flag and presented it in appreciation to the Union Army.

William Finch opened a tailor shop in Atlanta after the\nCivil War and became involved in local politics after Black men gained the\nright to vote with the ratification of the 15th Amendment. In December 1870,\nWilliam Finch and George Graham became the first African Americans elected to\nserve on the Atlanta City council. Serving a single term, Finch fought to build\nschools and create jobs. He was defeated in the next election, but is recognized today as the “Father of\nBlack Public Education” in Atlanta.

For William Finch and other Black Americans, the right to vote was a step towards freedom and self-determination. Abolitionist Frederick Douglas insisted, \"Slavery is not abolished until the Black man has the ballot.” In the decade following the Civil War, Black men and women struggled to secure their full rights of citizenship. But White Southerners soon began to roll back Black rights and civic gains through local laws (Black Codes) and court decisions (Plessy vs. Ferguson). More than 80 years passed before an African American was elected to a position in Atlanta’s city government.

","William Finch is buried in the corner lot across from the Magnolia tree.",33.74830587,-84.37111088,[509,510],"Born into slavery in 1832, William Finch\ntrained to be a tailor. But with the outbreak of the Civil War, Finch was sent\nto accompany one of his enslaver's sons who joined the Confederate army. When a\nson in a slaveholding family enlisted, he might take along a person enslaved to\nthe family to work as a personal servant and perform non-combat duties such as\ncarrying and loading supplies. An act of gratitude at the war's end\ndemonstrated Finch’s loyalties. Using his tailor skills, he sewed a United\nStates flag and presented it in appreciation to the Union Army. William Finch opened a tailor shop in Atlanta after the\nCivil War and became involved in local politics after Black men gained the\nright to vote with the ratification of the 15th Amendment. In December 1870,\nWilliam Finch and George Graham became the first African Americans elected to\nserve on the Atlanta City council. Serving a single term, Finch fought to build\nschools and create jobs. He was defeated in the next election, but is recognized today as the “Father of\nBlack Public Education” in Atlanta. For William Finch and other Black Americans, the right to vote was a step towards freedom and self-determination. Abolitionist Frederick Douglas insisted, \"Slavery is not abolished until the Black man has the ballot.” In the decade following the Civil War, Black men and women struggled to secure their full rights of citizenship. But White Southerners soon began to roll back Black rights and civic gains through local laws (Black Codes) and court decisions (Plessy vs. Ferguson). More than 80 years passed before an African American was elected to a position in Atlanta’s city government.",[134,493,508],{"_74":506,"_131":-5,"_132":507},[],"William Finch marker","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/5bldp2khygglomjlkn1rvqti5l94?variant=desktop","william-finch-photo",{"_102":322,"_99":24,"_131":-5,"_140":141,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":524,"_146":525,"_35":365,"_148":-5,"_149":150,"_151":524,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_74":506,"_157":-5},{"_102":511,"_99":36,"_131":512,"_140":265,"_142":513,"_143":514,"_144":515,"_146":516,"_35":517,"_148":271,"_149":150,"_151":515,"_152":272,"_154":273,"_74":518,"_157":514},33,"Kamaria Finch is the great-great granddaughter of Oakland Cemetery resident Rev. William Finch (1832-1911). In 1870, in the height of the Reconstruction Era, Finch was elected as Atlanta's first black city councilman. Living Links is produced in partnership with Candler Park-based Mixed Bag Media.","//www.youtube.com/embed/eUxaJY0BPWM","eUxaJY0BPWM","eUxaJY0BPWM.jpg",{"_158":519,"_160":520,"_162":521,"_164":522,"_166":523},37,"Living Links: Kamaria Finch","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/ajeiitxf7kg8z2j1pdo9cd2r4z5f","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/ajeiitxf7kg8z2j1pdo9cd2r4z5f?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/ajeiitxf7kg8z2j1pdo9cd2r4z5f?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/ajeiitxf7kg8z2j1pdo9cd2r4z5f?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/ajeiitxf7kg8z2j1pdo9cd2r4z5f?variant=lqip","16152342117.jpeg",{"_158":526,"_160":527,"_162":528,"_164":507,"_166":529},"https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/5bldp2khygglomjlkn1rvqti5l94","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/5bldp2khygglomjlkn1rvqti5l94?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/5bldp2khygglomjlkn1rvqti5l94?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/5bldp2khygglomjlkn1rvqti5l94?variant=lqip","james-tate","James Tate",{"_35":377,"_65":493,"_74":494},{"_35":262,"_65":564,"_74":565},"

After the Civil War, James Tate joined\nthousands of other emancipated men and women moving to Atlanta in search of\neducation, employment, and new opportunities. With just $6 in inventory, Tate opened\nthe first African American-owned business in Atlanta, a grocery store. He used\nhis profits to open a second grocery store and made loans to other Black\nentrepreneurs. Tate is regarded by many as the \"Father of Black Business\nin Atlanta.\"
A leading advocate for educational opportunities for Atlanta's African\nAmerican community, Tate helped establish the first school for Black children\nin Atlanta. He was a co-founder of Friendship Baptist Church, which has ties to\ntwo historically black colleges in Atlanta - Morehouse College and Spelman\nCollege.

\n\n

James Tate, a man born enslaved in Elbert County in 1826, laid down\nfoundations for Atlanta's Black community to grow and thrive. Tate died in 1897\nand came to rest at Oakland's African American Burial Grounds beside his wife,\nOlivia, and their children. Tate's descendants continue to play an active role in\nAtlanta.

Tate photo: E.R. Carter, The Black Side, 1894.

Learn more about the Tate family and a Tate descendant, World War I veteran James Edward Tate Jr.

","The Tate family lot is located NE from the African American Burial Grounds interpretive panel.",33.74857044,-84.37058987,[545,546],"After the Civil War, James Tate joined\nthousands of other emancipated men and women moving to Atlanta in search of\neducation, employment, and new opportunities. With just $6 in inventory, Tate opened\nthe first African American-owned business in Atlanta, a grocery store. He used\nhis profits to open a second grocery store and made loans to other Black\nentrepreneurs. Tate is regarded by many as the \"Father of Black Business\nin Atlanta.\"A leading advocate for educational opportunities for Atlanta's African\nAmerican community, Tate helped establish the first school for Black children\nin Atlanta. He was a co-founder of Friendship Baptist Church, which has ties to\ntwo historically black colleges in Atlanta - Morehouse College and Spelman\nCollege. \n\nJames Tate, a man born enslaved in Elbert County in 1826, laid down\nfoundations for Atlanta's Black community to grow and thrive. Tate died in 1897\nand came to rest at Oakland's African American Burial Grounds beside his wife,\nOlivia, and their children. Tate's descendants continue to play an active role in\nAtlanta. Tate photo: E. R. Carter, The Black Side, 1894. Learn more about the Tate family and a Tate descendant, World War I veteran James Edward Tate Jr. ",[134,530],{"_74":543,"_131":-5,"_132":544},[],"The Tate family lot ","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/0amjgiu7lk92l4efziargb5u98h0?variant=desktop",{"_102":377,"_99":24,"_131":-5,"_140":141,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":558,"_146":559,"_35":168,"_148":-5,"_149":150,"_151":558,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_74":543,"_157":-5},{"_102":244,"_99":36,"_131":117,"_140":547,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":548,"_146":549,"_35":373,"_148":-5,"_149":550,"_151":548,"_152":153,"_154":551,"_74":552,"_157":-5},1248,"16152180811.png",{"_158":553,"_160":554,"_162":555,"_164":556,"_166":557},250,624,"James Tate, \"The Black Side\" by E.R. Carter (1894)","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/euebputwv3lfg31a8thkgd9clleu","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/euebputwv3lfg31a8thkgd9clleu?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/euebputwv3lfg31a8thkgd9clleu?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/euebputwv3lfg31a8thkgd9clleu?variant=desktop","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/euebputwv3lfg31a8thkgd9clleu?variant=lqip","16152168945.jpeg",{"_158":560,"_160":561,"_162":562,"_164":544,"_166":563},"https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/0amjgiu7lk92l4efziargb5u98h0","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/0amjgiu7lk92l4efziargb5u98h0?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/0amjgiu7lk92l4efziargb5u98h0?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/0amjgiu7lk92l4efziargb5u98h0?variant=lqip","african-american-burial-grounds","African American Burial Grounds",{"_35":271,"_65":530,"_74":531},{"_35":263,"_65":587,"_74":588},"

This 3.5-acre section of Oakland opened\nin 1866 for African Americans to purchase burial space. According to burial\nrecords, more than 12,000 African Americans are buried in Oakland. But look\naround – do you see 12,000 markers? Many African Americans used trees, shrubs,\nor wooden crosses to mark a burial site. Those natural markers deteriorated\nover the years.

From 1866 until 1963, Black Atlantans could only buy burial plots in this section. As people were racially segregated in daily life – in education, business, leisure, and worship – so were they kept apart in death in cemeteries across the nation. The racial segregation of burials continued in\nOakland until 1963 when all public parks and facilities desegregated\nin Atlanta.

Today, the African American Burial Grounds is a space to celebrate Black achievement, honor the struggle for Black liberation, and learn about the continued impact of white supremacy.

Discover how the Historic Oakland Foundation gardens team is researching and re-landscaping the African American Burial Grounds here.

","Walk east down the hill from Slave Square to reach the SW corner of the African American Burial Grounds.",33.74805347,-84.37112027,[580],"This 3.5-acre section of Oakland opened\nin 1866 for African Americans to purchase burial space. According to burial\nrecords, more than 12,000 African Americans are buried in Oakland. But look\naround – do you see 12,000 markers? Many African Americans used trees, shrubs,\nor wooden crosses to mark a burial site. Those natural markers deteriorated\nover the years. From 1866 until 1963, Black Atlantans could only buy burial plots in this section. As people were racially segregated in daily life – in education, business, leisure, and worship – so were they kept apart in death in cemeteries across the nation. The racial segregation of burials continued in\nOakland until 1963 when all public parks and facilities desegregated\nin Atlanta. Today, the African American Burial Grounds is a space to celebrate Black achievement, honor the struggle for Black liberation, and learn about the continued impact of white supremacy. Discover how the Historic Oakland Foundation gardens team is researching and re-landscaping the African American Burial Grounds here.",[134,564,579],{"_74":577,"_131":-5,"_132":578},[],"A view of the African American Burial Grounds","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/4521x5bbq83hu5f9x8je17ks1es6?variant=desktop","african-american-burial-grounds-edit",{"_102":301,"_99":24,"_131":-5,"_140":141,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":581,"_146":582,"_35":69,"_148":-5,"_149":150,"_151":581,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_74":577,"_157":-5},"16152174947.jpeg",{"_158":583,"_160":584,"_162":585,"_164":578,"_166":586},"https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/4521x5bbq83hu5f9x8je17ks1es6","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/4521x5bbq83hu5f9x8je17ks1es6?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/4521x5bbq83hu5f9x8je17ks1es6?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/4521x5bbq83hu5f9x8je17ks1es6?variant=lqip","john-and-slave-square","John and Slave Square ",{"_35":262,"_65":564,"_74":565},"

In 1853, a 14-year-old boy named John was laid to rest in the northeastern corner of Oakland Cemetery. Less than twenty-five years later, his remains disappeared.

What happened?

After Oakland Cemetery's founding in 1850, the Atlanta City Council set aside the northeast corner of the six-acre grounds for the burial of African Americans. This section came to be known as Slave Square. John was the first person to be buried in Slave Square in February 1853. By the start of the Civil War, more than 800 men, women, and children rested in Slave Square.

Oakland reached its current size of 48 acres by 1867. Occupying a central area and located on a hill, Slave Square was considered a desirable burial space. In 1877, the Atlanta City Council ordered the removal of the bodies from Slave Square to make room for more burials. The remains of John and more than 800 individuals were disinterred from Slave Square and moved to the “colored pauper grounds.” After the Sexton prepared the ground for new burials, the Slave Square lots were sold to White Atlantans for a minimum purchase price of $50.

Many people are fearful of disturbing the resting places of the dead, but history tells us that’s what happened at Slave Square in 1877. By sharing John's story and the history of Slave Square's original residents, Historic Oakland Foundation seeks to preserve Black narratives.

","Free parking is available in the lot outside of the Front Gate at Oakland Avenue and Martin Luther King Jr. Drive. To get to Slave Square, walk down the main road and turn left at the second intersection.",33.74798432,-84.37274837,[602],"In 1853, a 14-year-old boy named John was laid to rest in the northeastern corner of Oakland Cemetery. Less than twenty-five years later, his remains disappeared. What happened? After Oakland Cemetery's founding in 1850, the Atlanta City Council set aside the northeast corner of the six-acre grounds for the burial of African Americans. This section came to be known as Slave Square. John was the first person to be buried in Slave Square in February 1853. By the start of the Civil War, more than 800 men, women, and children rested in Slave Square. Oakland reached its current size of 48 acres by 1867. Occupying a central area and located on a hill, Slave Square was considered a desirable burial space. In 1877, the Atlanta City Council ordered the removal of the bodies from Slave Square to make room for more burials. The remains of John and more than 800 individuals were disinterred from Slave Square and moved to the “colored pauper grounds.” After the Sexton prepared the ground for new burials, the Slave Square lots were sold to White Atlantans for a minimum purchase price of $50.Many people are fearful of disturbing the resting places of the dead, but history tells us that’s what happened at Slave Square in 1877. By sharing John's story and the history of Slave Square's original residents, Historic Oakland Foundation seeks to preserve Black narratives. ",[134,601,587],{"_74":599,"_131":-5,"_132":600},[],"Interpretive panel at the corner of Slave Square in the Original Six Acres","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/s1ykq3cemq5kkm6mz8lfh2uxrctm?variant=desktop","slave-square",{"_102":271,"_99":24,"_131":-5,"_140":141,"_142":-5,"_143":-5,"_144":603,"_146":604,"_35":244,"_148":-5,"_149":150,"_151":603,"_152":153,"_154":155,"_74":599,"_157":-5},"16152167413.jpeg",{"_158":605,"_160":606,"_162":607,"_164":600,"_166":608},"https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/s1ykq3cemq5kkm6mz8lfh2uxrctm","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/s1ykq3cemq5kkm6mz8lfh2uxrctm?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/s1ykq3cemq5kkm6mz8lfh2uxrctm?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/s1ykq3cemq5kkm6mz8lfh2uxrctm?variant=lqip","Virtual Tour of Oakland Cemetery: We Shall Overcome","We Shall Overcome: African American Stories from Civil War to Civil Rights, a tour led by HOF volunteer Jihan Hurse","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/kcs99tsn1egapzcomwo0wolj661f?variant=desktop",{"_102":271,"_35":24,"_74":617},{"_102":377,"_35":36,"_74":616},{"_102":301,"_35":262,"_74":615},"WALKING","DRIVING","BICYCLING",{"_102":262,"_99":36,"_131":610,"_140":265,"_142":619,"_143":620,"_144":621,"_146":622,"_35":301,"_148":271,"_149":150,"_151":621,"_152":272,"_154":273,"_74":609,"_157":620},"//www.youtube.com/embed/29qgpcrXpTQ","29qgpcrXpTQ","29qgpcrXpTQ.jpg",{"_158":623,"_160":624,"_162":625,"_164":611,"_166":626},"https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/kcs99tsn1egapzcomwo0wolj661f","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/kcs99tsn1egapzcomwo0wolj661f?variant=mobile","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/kcs99tsn1egapzcomwo0wolj661f?variant=tablet","https://api.opentour.site/oakland-cemetery/v4/public/media/kcs99tsn1egapzcomwo0wolj661f?variant=lqip",{"_99":24,"_102":263,"_35":263,"_74":638,"_65":639,"_632":640,"_118":26,"_634":24},{"_99":36,"_102":271,"_35":262,"_74":635,"_65":636,"_632":637,"_118":26,"_634":24},{"_99":263,"_102":377,"_35":271,"_74":630,"_65":631,"_632":633,"_118":26,"_634":24},"Feedback","feedback","body","Help Historic Oakland Foundation improve our educational tours. Share your feedback by emailing mbreffle@oaklandcemetery.com. Thank you for your support! ","tour_count","Donate ","donate","Support Historic Oakland Foundation's efforts to restore the African American Burial Grounds by donating or becoming an HOF member. ","About Oakland Cemetery","about-oakland-cemetery","Founded in 1850, Atlanta’s Oakland Cemetery spans 48 acres of gardens, wildlife, and sculpture. Oakland is the final resting place for 70,000 people, including author Margaret Mitchell, golf great Bobby Jones, 27 Atlanta mayors, six former governors, and thousands of unmarked graves. Oakland Cemetery offers critical green space for recreation and serves as a cultural resource those who come to study history, art, architecture, archaeology, horticulture, photography and more. In partnership with the City of Atlanta, Historic Oakland Foundation works to preserve, restore, enhance and share Oakland Cemetery, which is open free of charge to the public 365 days a year (special fees for tours and events). Visit www.oaklandcemetery.com for more details.","south",33.747884570000004,"north",33.74888206999999,"east",-84.36978344375,"west",-84.37509170625,"centerLat",33.74838332,"centerLng",-84.37243757499999,"external_url","footer_logo","name","logo_url","notes","subdir","tourSet",{"_35":667,"_80":668,"_669":670,"_671":672},"request",{"_663":664,"_665":666},"protocol","http","host","oakland-cemetery.opentour.site","31","tour_sets","attributes",{"_655":73,"_658":10,"_677":678,"_679":680,"_656":-5,"_681":682},"relationships",{"_673":674},"admins",{"_675":676},"data",[],"published_tours",[706,707,708],"mapable_tours",[691,692,693],"logo",{"_655":681,"_683":684},"record",{"_35":461,"_655":73,"_685":686,"_687":686,"_658":10,"_688":-5,"_653":-5,"_657":-5,"_654":-5,"_689":-5,"_690":-5,"_31":-5},"created_at","2021-01-20T15:37:25.059Z","updated_at","tour_id","base_sixty_four","logo_title",{"_74":701,"_65":702,"_696":703},{"_74":75,"_65":16,"_696":700},{"_74":694,"_65":695,"_696":697},"Remembrance as Resistance: Preserving Black Narratives","remembrance-as-resistance-preserving-black-narratives","center",{"_112":698,"_114":699},33.748352425,-84.371401905,{"_112":650,"_114":652},"The Immortal Women of Oakland ","the-immortal-women-of-oakland",{"_112":704,"_114":705},33.748198650000006,-84.371217855,{"_74":701,"_65":702,"_709":712},{"_74":75,"_65":16,"_709":711},{"_74":694,"_65":695,"_709":710},"location",{"_112":698,"_114":699},{"_112":650,"_114":652},{"_112":704,"_114":705}]